All member states of the GPP undertake to refrain from any form of aggression towards other members – regardless of whether it is of a military, technological, economic, political or other nature.
Aggression is deemed to exist in particular in the case of:
Direct military attacks (e.g. invasion, air strikes, paramilitary operations)
Violations of territorial integrity (e.g. by troops, drones, military infrastructure)
Subversive influence (e.g. support for armed groups, insurgencies, destabilisation strategies)
Economic aggression (e.g. trade blockades, boycotts of strategic goods, currency manipulation, targeted prevention of market access)
Political aggression (e.g. disinformation campaigns, influencing elections, organised protest stimulation to destabilise)
Cyber attacks (e.g. hacker attacks on critical infrastructure, data theft from government and business, digital sabotage)
Science and technology theft (industrial espionage, such as illegal procurement of technologies or intellectual property; sabotage, such as undermining scientific or technological projects of another state)
Environmental aggression (e.g. targeted pollution of border rivers, illegal deforestation, resource conflicts such as water, land or raw material disputes with the potential to escalate)
Forced migration aggression (e.g. state-directed or deliberately tolerated migration flows as a means of exerting pressure to destabilise a neighbouring country)
Aggression also occurs when several of these measures are combined or repeatedly applied – regardless of whether they are carried out overtly, covertly or via third-party actors.
